ABSTRACT
Chinese patent medicines(CPMs) are unique therapeutic drugs in China. Establishing and improving the evaluation criteria is an important measure to promote the high-quality development of CPMs. Based on the "evaluation criteria of high-grade CPMs with quality as the core index" established by our group in 2018, the "high-quality evaluation criteria for CPMs based on whole process control" was proposed in the present study in 2022. The scope of application and basic principles of the new criteria were clarified. A quality evaluation scoring table was established in the new criteria, including five parts: raw material selection, production process, quality control, efficacy evaluation, and brand building. The technical evaluation indexes involved have increased from 20% in the original criteria to 70% in the new criteria, and efficacy evaluation has been added in the new criteria. The subjective evaluation indicators account for a large proportion in the original criteria, which is prone to bias. The improved criteria overcome this shortcoming. It is expected that the new criteria as a basis can play a better role in the selection of high-quality products of CPMs, guide enterprises and institutions to participate actively in the evaluation and research of high-quality CPMs, and promote the high-quality development of CPMs.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Nonprescription Drugs , Chlorobenzenes , ChinaABSTRACT
Introduction@#The development of Mongolian Traditional Medicine has been closely related to the Indian Ayurvedic medicine in the beginning, and the history of Tibetan medicine since the late middle ages. Therefore, it was impossible to conduct a study without including the historical texts of Tibetan medicine within history of Mongolian Traditional medicine. The scientists from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China included "Materia medica of Tara", "Materia medica of Manjushri", "Materia medica of Yuthog” in the traditional medicinal ancient scripture. However, in recent times, although it has been considered that the "Ocean of medicine names" scripture of Karmapa Rangjung Dorje (1284-1339), the 3rd incarnating lama of Buddhist Karmapa sect should be included in the ancient reference book of pharmacology of Traditional medicine, there is no study aimed to study the ancient medicine in detail. Due to that we aimed to study the ancient pharmacology reference book in detail. @*Goal@#We aimed to clarify the hidden meaning, science or use of the names of raw materials in the fauna of the "Ocean of medicine names". @*Materials and Methods@#We conducted the study by using manuscripts, primary source methods, checklist method, and analysis synthesis method. We have used following materials Ocean of medicine names and Beautiful eyed ornament.@*Results@#Karmapa Rangjung Dorje's " Ocean of medicine names" was a novel written in the form of a narrative of the properties of 768 medicinal raw materials divided into 11 groups. When these 11 groups were divided into plant, animal, and mineral raw materials, the percentage of each was determined as following: plants 462 (60.2%), 130 (17%), 91, 127 (16.5%), 23 (3%), and 26 (3.3%) of these raw materials from plants, minerals, animals, raw materials, extracts and tincture, respectively. </br>Also, the fauna was divided into humans, large meat, meat products, bones, vital bones, horns, bile, feathers, hair, feces, oil, milk, yogurt, and others. We differentially counted them by 8 faunas of animals and identified 90 animals and 116 raw material types. @*Conclusion@#There are more than 1.5 million species of all kinds of animals in the world. Most of these are occupied by insects. Forests, mountains, steppes, deserts, oceans, rivers, farmlands, urban gardens, homes, and any part of the biosphere are bound to encounter animals. </br>Medicines of animal origin occupy a very important place in modern medicine. High biologically active hormones and enzymes are extracted from internal and external excretory glands of animals and used for treatment. Lungs, eyes, blood, and bile are valuable raw materials for medicine.
ABSTRACT
In this paper， the name， varieties， raw materials and manufacturing technology of maltose in the famous classical formulas were researched by consulting the herbal medicines， medical books， prescription books and modern literature of past dynasties， which provided the basis for the development and utilization of formulas containing maltose. Through textual research， it can be seen that the name of maltose has been derived from its shape， texture， preparation method， raw materials and producing area. In ancient times， maltose was mainly divided into soft and hard types according to the texture. Those who are wet and soft as honey are called "syrup" or "jelly"， while those who are hard and white are called "malt" and "sugar". In modern times， they are mostly called malt sugar， only jelly is used as medicine， and malt is mostly used as food. Throughout the ages， medicinal maltose were made of Oryza sativa var. glutinosa as the raw material and Hordeum vulgare as malt， prepared by fermenting， decocting and concentrating. The maltose made from other cereals such as Setaria italica var. germanica， Panicum miliaceum is slightly inferior in quality. The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia did not include maltose， but included malt sugar， a pharmaceutical excipient， which was a crystal powder with high purity. But maltose was included in the national food standard and the local processing specification. Based on the textual research results， it is suggested that malt syrup in GB/T 20883-2017 can be used as the reference for the development of formulas containing maltose， and O. sativa var. glutinosa， H. vulgare are clearly used as raw materials.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Through searching the information of health food with the function of alleviating visual fatigue published on the Special Food Information Query Platform, and the product information data of ophthalmic proprietary Chinese medicine with health care function in the prescription database of Chinese patent medicine based on Pharmaceutical Intelligence data network, so as to provide the basis and reference for the development of the health food formulations and products with the function of relieving visual fatigue. Methods: Microsoft Excel 2016 software and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System were used to make statistics on the detected product information and analyze its formula characteristics. Results: A total of 141 kinds of health food with visual fatigue relief function were collected, of which 64 kinds (45.4%) contained traditional Chinese medicine in the formula of health food. There were six herbs of Chinese materia medica raw materials with frequency ≥ 5, which were used 145 times (72%), from high to low, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Lycium barbarum, Cassiae Semen, Mori Fructus, Rehmannia glutinosa and Poria cocos were used respectively. Three new prescriptions were obtained by unsupported entropy clustering. Non-traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are widely used in health food to alleviate visual fatigue, there were 60 products containing foreign natural plant resources and 17 products containing xanthin and vitamins. According to statistics on the products with health function in ophthalmic Chinese patent medicine, there were seven kinds of traditional Chinese medicine materials with frequency ≥ 4, which were used 32 times (29%), from high to low, they were Lycium barbarum, Cassiae Semen, Cuscuta chinensis, Rehmannia glutinosa, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Schisandra chinensis, and Plantago asiatica. A new prescription was obtained by unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering. Conclusion: The choice of raw materials of Chinese materia medica in health food is basically consistent with traditional Chinese medicine theory in the treatment of visual fatigue principle, that is, nourishing the liver and kidney, calming liver and improving eyesight. However, they are different in the selection range of traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, the compatibility of raw materials, the types of dosage forms and so on. In addition, under the guidance of syndrome differentiation and health care theory, this paper attempts to apply the statistical method of literature data processing to screen new formulas and develop new products, which opens up new ideas and methods for the research and development of health care products of traditional Chinese medicine compound.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the determination of related substances in dibasol hydrochloride raw materials and tablets ， and to predict the maximum unknown impurity ’s structure. METHODS ： The related substances （o-phenylenediamine，phenylacetic acid ）in dibasol hydrochloride raw materials and tablets were determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of mobile phase-methanol-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine（45 ∶ 55 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 0.5，V/V/V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm，and column temperature was 30 ℃. Sample size was 10 μL. UPLC-TOF-MS，1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were used for structure prediction. The determination was performed on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of water-methanol （45∶55， V/V）at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and sample size was 1 μL. The ion source was electrospray ion source . The scanning mode was negative ion scanning mode. The first-order mass spectrum scanning range was m/z 100-800，the capillary voltage was 3 000 V，the source temperature was 100 ℃，the desolvent gas was nitrogen ，and the solvent free gas flow rate was 600 L/h. The flow rate of the conical orifice was 50 L/h. RESULTS： The linear range of o-phenylenediamine，phenylacetic acid and dibasol hydrochlo- ride were 0.427-4.27 μg/mL（r＝0.998 9），0.403-4.03 μg/mL（r＝ 0.998 9）and 0.82-8.20 μg/mL（r＝0.999 9），respec-tively. The limits of quantitation were 0.042 7，0.134 3，0.088 7 μg/mL. The limits of detection were 0.021 4，0.067 1，0.044 3 μ g/mL. RSDs of precision ，stability，reproducibility and durability tests were all less than 2％. The average recoveries were 98.31％- 99.78％-102.23％ for phenylacetic acid （RSD＝0.70％，n＝9）. No o-phenylenediamine was detected in 6 batches of dibazol hydrochloride raw materials ；the contents of phenylacetic acid · were 0-0.04％ ；the contents of maximum unknown impurity were 0.05％ -0.25％ ；total contents of unknown impurity were 0.05％-0.31％. In 77 batches of Dibasol hydrochloride tablets ，the contents of o-phenylenediamine were 0-0.11％，the contents of phenylacetic acid were 0-0.03％；the contents of maximum unknown impurity were 0.06％-0.51％；total contents of unknown impurity were 0.10％-0.62％. It was speculated that maximum unknown impurity was 2-（hydroxyphenylmethyl）benzimidazole （hydrobenzde）. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is rapid ，accurate and specific ，and can be used for the determination of related substances in dibasol hydrochloride raw materials and tablets. The maximum unknown impurity may be benzimidazoles.
ABSTRACT
Through searching the information of chemical liver injury protection function of health food on the State Food and Drug Administration website and using Microsoft Excel 2016 software and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System, to analyze formula characteristics of health food and provide the basis for the formulation of health food with auxiliary protective function in chemical liver injury and the development of the product. A total of 325 kinds of health food were collected, of which 282 (86.8%) health food formulations contained Chinese materia medica (CMM) raw materials. The number of health food with one single health care function and two healthy functions was 192 and 133, respectively. In terms of dosage forms, there were 156 capsules, which account for about half of the total. Moreover, there were 21 kinds of CMM raw materials with more than 18 of the use frequency (f) and accumulated 768 times (73%). Nine new prescriptions were obtained by unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering. The CMM is widely used in the health food which has the auxiliary protective function in the chemical liver injury. The choice of dosage forms is based on convenience of taking and carrying. Five commonly used functional ingredients are total flavonoids, crude polysaccharides, puerarin, total saponins, and taurine. The choice of CMM is basically consistent of the principle of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chemical liver disease which are detoxification, strengthening the body resistance, promoting blood circulation, clearing away heat, dehumidification and so on. The most commonly used drugs are anti-alcoholismic drugs, tonic medicine, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, heat-clearing drugs, and damp-draining diuretic. Nine new prescriptions found by software must be further evaluated in combination with the theory and practice of Chinese medicine and comprehensive analysis.
ABSTRACT
En atención a identificar nuevas materias primas fuentes de proteína que no compitan con la alimentación humana, se determinaron los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente de la proteína (CDA-P), materia seca (CDA-MS) y energía (CDA-E), de botón de oro Tithonia diversifolia y cratylia Cratylia argentea, en Piaractus brachypomus y los efectos sobre las vellosidades intestinales. Para estimar estos coeficientes, se utilizó el método indirecto con marcador, colectando heces. Se utilizaron 120 cachamas (peso promedio 210g), alimentadas con dieta referencia semipurificada (DRS) 69,5%, 0,5% de marcador inerte y la materia prima en 30% de inclusión. Las heces, se recolectaron 10h después de haber suministrado el alimento en los tanques, cada hora, durante 12h. Para medir las vellosidades del intestino anterior, se tomaron muestras en tres tiempos de consumo de las dietas: 0 (Día 0), 5 (Día 5) y 10 días (Día 10). Los CDA-P fueron 69,42%, para botón de oro y 44,84%, para cratylia, con diferencia estadística. En cuanto a CDA-E, botón de oro fue 67,37% superior y, estadísticamente, diferente a cratylia 34,27%. Las materias primas causaron denudación en las vellosidades durante los primeros 5 días de consumo; sin embargo, a los 10 días, las vellosidades comenzaron a recuperar su altura, lo que demostró la capacidad de adaptación de la cachama blanca a dietas, con materias primas evaluadas.
In order to identify new sources of raw protein materials and not compete with human food, was the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (CDA-P), dry matter (CDA- MS) and energy (CDA-E) of mexican sunflower (BO) Tithonia diversifolia and Cratylia (CR) Cratylia argentea, for cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus and their effects on intestinal villi were determined. To estimate these coefficients, the indirect method with marker, feces collecting were employed. A hundred and twenty white cachamas (average weight 210g), fed on a diet reference semipurified (DRS) 69.5%, 0.5% inert trace marker ingredient and raw material were evaluated at a level of 30% inclusion. Feces were collected after 10 hours of food supply each hour during 12 hours. To measure the villi, intestine samples were taken at three times of diet consumption: 0, 5 and 10 days. The CDA-P were: 69.42% for Mexican sunflower and 44.84% for cratylia, being statistically differet. As for CDA E, Mexican sunflower 67.37% were higher and statistically different than cratylia 34.27%. Although digestibility values obtained for these raw materials were lower than those reported for raw materials most commonly used in fish feed, the Mexican sunflower approaches to soybean cake. Raw materials caused denudation in the villi during the first few days, however after 10 days the villi started to recuperate its high, showing an adaption of P. brachypomus to the evaluated ingredients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fermentation process development has been very important for efficient ethanol production. Improvement of ethanol production efficiency from sweet sorghum juice (SSJ) under normal gravity (NG, 160 g/L of sugar), high gravity (HG, 200 and 240 g/L of sugar) and very high gravity (VHG, 280 and 320 g/L of sugar) conditions by nutrient supplementation and alternative feeding regimes (batch and fed-batch systems) was investigated using a highly ethanol-tolerant strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NP01. Results: In the batch fermentations without yeast extract, HG fermentation at 200 g/L of sugar showed the highest ethanol concentration (PE, 90.0 g/L) and ethanol productivity (QE, 1.25 g/L·h). With yeast extract supplementation (9 g/L), the ethanol production efficiency increased at all sugar concentrations. The highest PE (112.5 g/L) and QE (1.56 g/L·h) were observed with the VHG fermentation at 280 g/L of sugar. In the fed-batch fermentations, two feeding regimes, i.e., stepwise and continuous feedings, were studied at sugar concentrations of 280 g/L. Continuous feeding gave better results with the highest PE and QE of 112.9 g/L and 2.35 g/L·h, respectively, at a feeding time of 9 h and feeding rate of 40 g sugar/h. Conclusions: In the batch fermentation, nitrogen supplementation resulted in 4 to 32 g/L increases in ethanol production, depending on the initial sugar level in the SSJ. Under the VHG condition, with sufficient nitrogen, the fed-batch fermentation with continuous feeding resulted in a similar PE and increased QP by 51% compared to those in the batch fermentation.
Subject(s)
Sorghum/metabolism , Ethanol/metabolism , Biofuels , Fermentation , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Sorghum/chemistry , Batch Cell Culture Techniques , Gravitation , NitrogenABSTRACT
Through looking up Chinese Pharmacopoeia and searching for unannounced inspection on the website of China food and drug administration and some GMP regulations and gudelines of European Union, the problems existing in the raw materials control of animal original biochemical drugs were discussed, and the relevant suggestions were put forward.
ABSTRACT
Chinese materia medica (CMM) cosmetics are made of natural CMM or by adding CMM or its active ingredients into the chemical compound matrices. They are increasingly favored by consumers all over the world due to the facts that they are guided by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, as well as are green, natural, safe, and reliable. But, not all natural CMM cosmetics are absolutely safe. This paper summarizes the toxic and side effects of some raw materials in CMM cosmetics, which are classified to skin-irritation, photo-toxicity, and the accumulation of toxic like renal toxicity, liver toxicity, neurotoxicity, and so on. This review will provide the references for the proper use of natural raw materials in CMM cosmetics to ensure the safety of consumers.
ABSTRACT
Objective To improve the degree of substitution of the cholesteryl by purifying cholesteryl succinyl ester (CHS) ,one of the raw materials .Methods CHS was purified by recrystallization ,the pure CHS structure was characterizate by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X ray diffraction (XRD) ,the free cholesterol content of the pure and crude were determinated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ,the degree of substitution of the cholesteryl was determina-ted before and after the purified by 1 H-NMR .Result CHS was purer after recrystallization ,with property of crystal ,which could significantly improve the degree of substitution of the cholesteryl .Conclusion The method of purification was simple and feasible ,which was the basis of improving hydrophobically modified Bletilla striata polysaccharide′s degree of substitution of the cholesteryl .
ABSTRACT
Para evaluar el efecto de la harina de girasol (HG) y dos complejos enzimáticos (CE) sobre el desempeño productivo de pollos de engorde en fase de finalización, se distribuyeron 720 pollos mediante un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 2 x 3, dos niveles de inclusión de HG: 0 y 3%; tres niveles de inclusión de CE: sin CE (SCE), con CE tipo A (con actividad de las enzimas proteasas y celulasas; CEA) y con CE tipo B (con actividad de las enzimas xilanasas y b-glucanasas; CEB), con seis repeticiones de 20 pollos cada una. El factor CE afectó al adicionar el CEB, obteniendo conversión de alimento (P=0,032) de 1,555, índice de eficiencia europea (P=0,007) de 377,13, rendimiento de canal (P=0,012) de 76,69%, rendimiento de pechuga (P=0,044) de 24,86%. Para la interacción de factores se obtuvo un consumo de alimento (P=0,005) de 2.596,90 g (3% HG+SCE), conversión de alimento (P=0,0009) de 1,513 (0% HG+CEA), índice de eficiencia europea (P=0,0011) similares de 399,86 (0% HG+CEA) y 379,98 (3% HG + CEB), la dieta 3% HG+CEB con rendimiento de canal (P=0,0024) de 77,14% y rendimiento de pechuga (P=0,044) de 25,72%. Estos resultados demuestran que adicionando 3% HG no se afecta el desempeño productivo y la adición de ambos CE generan resultados positivos, con mayor eficiencia del CEB, obteniendo respuestas económicamente viables para la alimentación de los pollos de engorde.
To evaluate the effect of sunflower meal (SM) and two enzyme complexes (EC) on the performance of finishing broilers, 720 broilers were distributed through a completely randomized design 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, two levels with inclusion sunflower meal (SM); 0 and 3%; including three levels of EC; without EC (NEC), with EC A; (with activity of proteases and cellulases; ECA) and EC B enzymes, with activity the b-glucanase and xylanase enzymes; CEB, with six replicates of 20 broilers each. The CE factor affected by adding the CEB, obtaining feed conversion (P=0.032) 1.555, european efficiency index (P=0.007) of 377.13, carcass yield (P=0.012) of 76.69%, breast yield (P=0.044) of 24.86%. For the interaction of factors was obtained a feed intake (P=0.005) of 2596.90 g (3%SM+NEC), feed conversion (P=0.0009) of 1,513 (0%SM+CEA), similar index european Efficiency (P = 0.0011) of 399.86 (0% SM + CEA) and 379.98 (3%SM+CEB), the diet 3% SM + ECB with carcass yield (P=0.0024) of 77.14% and breast yield (P=0.044) of 25.72%. These results demonstrate that adding 3% HG do not affect production performance and the addition of both EC generate positive results, more efficiently ECB, obtaining a performance viable economically for broilers feeding.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the variation of the substance content in the different fractions of matrix during the growth cycle of Ganoderma lucidum, and to explore the mechanisms by investigating the change regulation of extracellular enzyme activity in the matrix of G. lucidum. Methods: G. lucidum was adopted by bag cultivation with sterilized raw materials, the growth period was divided into eight stages, and the matrix was splided in four equal portions. The variation of the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, water-soluble protein, and free amino acids in different fractions of the matrix was studied, and the variation of activities of lignin enzymes (laccase and manganese peroxidase), cellulase (carboxymethyl cellulase, hemicellulase, and filter paper enzyme), and acidic protease at different fractions of the matrix were studied in order to elucidate the mechanisms. Results: During the growth period of G. lucidum, the content of total sugar at different fractions of the matrix decreased, and the content of reducing sugar increased before the growth of primordium, then decreased after the growth of primordium. The contents of water-soluble proteins showed increasing tendency at different fractions of the matrix, and the content of amino acid decreased before sackful of mycelium, but increased during the stage of bud and reached the peak, then decreased again. The variation of laccase activity showed the shape of U, and the lowest activity was appeared in the primordium period. The activity of manganese peroxidase was slowly increased during vegetative growth period, and decreased after sackful of mycelium. The activities of cellulase enzyme and acid protease were totally increased. Conclusion: In the growth cycle of G. lucidum, the substance contents in different fractions of matrix present different change tendency with the growth and development of G. lucidum; The extracellular enzyme activity of G. lucidum could affect the content of substance in the matrix, and there is a certain correlation between the activity of extracellular enzyme and material content in matrix of G. lucidum.
ABSTRACT
Topicality: In recent years interest to biologically active preparations of a phytogenesis is considerably increased. Tannins are very widespread group of biologically active agents of the plants, having various pharmacological properties (astringent, styp tic, antiinflammatory), and causing their broad application in m edicine.[1] Therefore the problem of determination of high quality of medicines and the medicinal plant raw materials containing this group of biologically active agents is very actual. The techniques, allowing to establish high quality of the raw materials containing tannins, were applied to raw materials of Rhizomata Bergeniae crassifoliae from an original derivative plant of a Bergenia crassifolia (L. ) Fritsch, genus of Bergenia. The purpose of this work: is to carry out a number of research works on studying of a chemical composition of the medicinal plant raw materials containing tannins, and to make a precise characteristic of these plants on the basis of the received results. According to a goal of this research the following tasks are defined: 1. To carry out the macroscopic and microscopical analysis of medicinal raw materials of Rhizomata Bergeniae crassifoliae 2. To define the main indicators of commodity research;3. To define quality and quantity biologically active agents in these plants. For the solution of tasks the following Methods: of the analysis were used:macroscopic, microscopical, phytochemicaland histochemical analysis, thin-layerchromatography and spectophotometery.Powder of Rhizomata Bergeniae crassifoliae(Krasnogorseleksredstva ltd. production) and crumbled of Rhizomata Bergeniae crassifoliae (the manufacturer of Ivan-Chay ltd.) were used as samples for this analysis.Results: According to pharmacopeia article “ Rhizomata Bergeniae crassifoliae “, for the specified raw materials are established the following numerical indicators: quantity tannins not less than 20%; humidity no more than 14%; total ash no more than 4%; ashes, insoluble in 10% Acidum hydrochloricum solution, no more than 0,5%. [2] The analyzed raw materials correspond to these indicators. As a result of carrying out histochemical and phytochemical reactions in rhizomes of a bergenia the following biologically active agents were found: arbutin, tannins (catechol, EGCG), polysaccharides.Conclusion: Medicinal plant raw materials ofKrasnogorseleksredstva ltd. and Ivan-Chay ltd.correspond to the general pharmacopeia article“Rhizomata Bergeniae crassifoliae”.References1. L.M. Fedoseeva. Study of tannins and aboveground vegetative organs Bergeniae crassifoliae (L. ) Fritsch native of Altai / L.M. Fedoseeva, E.V. Timochin // Chemistry of plant raw material. – 2003. - №1. – pp.73-77.2. State pharmacopeia Ed. XI. M.: Medicine, 1990. T.2. p. 399.3. State pharmacopeia Ed. XI. M.: Medicine, 1987. T.1. p. 335.4. G.P. Yakovlev. Rhizomata Bergeniae crassifoliae / G.P. Yakovlev, I.A. Samilina, L.V. Moshkova // Pharmacognozy. SPb.: SpecLit, 2006. pp. 556-558.5. I.M. Korenskaya. Qualitative and quantitativeanalysis of medicinal plant raw materials containing tannins. / I.M. Korenskaya, N.P. Ivanovskaya, I.E. Izmalkova // Medicinal plants and medicinal plant raw materials containing simple phenols, lignans, tannins. Voronezh, 2007. Pp. 48-51Methods: of the analysis were used: macroscopic, microscopical, phytochemical and histochemical analysis, thin laye r chromatography and
ABSTRACT
A new trend in cosmetic formulations is the use of biotechnological raw materials as the polysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are supposed to enhance cell renewal, improve skin hydration and micro-relief. Botanical extracts of Myrtus communis leaves contain different sugars, which may provide the same benefits. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate through objective and subjective analysis the immediate and long-term effects of cosmetic formulations containing polysaccharides biotechnologically-originated and / or the ones contained in Myrtus communis extracts. Three polysaccharide-based and placebo formulations were applied on the forearm skin of 40 volunteers. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), viscoelasticity and skin micro-relief measurements were made before and 2 hours after a single application and after 15 and 30 day-periods of daily applications. Answers to a questionnaire about perceptions of formulation cosmetic features constituted the subjective analysis. All polysaccharide-based formulations enhanced skin hydration. Formulations with isolated or combined active substances improved skin barrier function as compared to placebo, in the short and long term studies. Formulations containing Myrtus communis extracts had the highest acceptance. Results suggest that daily use of formulations containing these substances is important for protection of the skin barrier function.
Uma nova tendência em formulações cosméticas é a utilização de matérias-primas biotecnológicas como os polissacarídeos de Klebsiella pneumoniae, que pode aumentar a renovação celular e melhor a hidratação e micro-relevo da pele. Por outro lado, o extrato vegetal de Myrtus communis contém diferentes polissacarídeos, que também podem proporcionar benefícios à pele. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi a avaliação dos efeitos imediatos e em longo prazo, de formulações cosméticas contendo polissacarídeos obtidos por processo biotecnológico e/ou de extrato de M. communis por meio de análises objetivas e subjetivas. Três formulações contendo os polissacarídeos e um placebo foram aplicadas na pele dos antebraços de 40 voluntários. As medidas foram realizadas antes e após 2 horas da aplicação das formulações e após 15 e 30 dias de aplicações diárias em termos de hidratação da pele, perda transepidérmica de água (TEWL), viscoelasticidade e micro-relevo da pele. Para a análise subjetiva, os voluntários responderam um questionário a fim de obter-se informações sobre a percepção relativa à qualidade de cosméticos. Todas as formulações provocaram aumento da hidratação cutânea. As formulações que continham os polissacarídeos melhoraram a função barreira da pele, em curto e em longo prazo. A formulação contendo extrato de M. communis apresentou maior aceitação. Os resultados sugerem que o uso diário dos polissacarídeos avaliados é importante na proteção da função barreira da pele.